Advances in basic and human cancer research – from genetics and genomics, to personalized medicine, to robotic surgery, to remote and web-based support programs – are racing. Whilst scientifically and clinically transformational, translating this new evidence into practice is a notorious challenge for governments, healthcare professionals, and researchers across the globe, as the knowledge generated from scientific research often fails to reach those who need it most – the patients. This leaves a huge amount of research waste due to the challenges busy healthcare professionals face in changing their practice. Implementation science aims to solve this problem – that is it aims to bridge the gap between evidence and practice; to understand what behavioural and system changes are needed to effectively and efficiently speed this process up. It seeks to move implementation efforts from the typical approaches of ‘letting it happen’ – where evidence is published for whoever wants to use it, and ‘helping it to happen’ – where guidance and one-off trainings might be involved…to ‘making it happen’ - where implementation is planned, and multiple strategies are used to integrate evidence-based practices. During this talk, I will explain and provide some examples of how we as implementation scientists study and support health systems and services to disentangle complexity, and identify the optimal approaches to evidence translation – that is, to pin-point – for implementation any given piece of research evidence – what works, for who, in what context, why, and at what cost? Understanding the answers to these questions helps to share this new knowledge with the healthcare and scientific community and support the use of successful strategies for different types of evidence translation in different settings.